Nokea
What preoperative instruction should the nurse give to the patient scheduled for a subtotal thyroidectomy?
- A. How to support the head with the hands when turning in bed
- B. Coughing should be avoided to prevent pressure on the incision
- C. Head and neck will need to remain immobile until the incision heals
- D. Any tingling around the lips or in the fingers after surgery is expected and temporary
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is important to teach the patient how to support the head when turning to avoid tension on the incision and reduce the risk of bleeding or stress on the surgical site.
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Glucagon
- A. Accelerates protein synthesis within cells
- B. Accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose
- C. Decreases the conversion of glycogen into glucose
- D. Slows down glucose formation from lactic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver into glucose, increasing blood glucose levels. This process, called glycogenolysis, is crucial during times of low blood sugar to maintain energy levels. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because glucagon does not directly affect protein synthesis within cells, decrease glycogen conversion into glucose, or slow down glucose formation from lactic acid.
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance?
- A. adrenocorticotropic hormone
- B. antidiuretic hormone
- C. luteinizing hormone
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH regulates the body's fluid balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. This helps maintain proper hydration levels and electrolyte balance. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (A) regulates cortisol production, not fluid balance. Luteinizing hormone (C) plays a role in reproductive functions, not fluid balance. Option D is incorrect because only antidiuretic hormone is directly involved in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is the:
- A. Liver and adipose tissue
- B. Gonads
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Bone marrow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The primary target of releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus is the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes these hormones into the hypophyseal portal system, which directly connects to the anterior pituitary. This interaction controls the release of various hormones from the anterior pituitary, regulating functions such as growth, reproduction, and stress response. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus do not primarily target the liver, adipose tissue, gonads, or bone marrow directly.
What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?
- A. TSH from the posterior pituitary gland
- B. high levels of calcium in the blood
- C. calcitonin from the anterior pituitary gland
- D. low levels of calcium in the blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: low levels of calcium in the blood. When calcium levels drop, the parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase calcium levels in the blood. This is a negative feedback mechanism to maintain calcium homeostasis. A: TSH from the posterior pituitary gland is incorrect because TSH is involved in regulating thyroid function, not PTH release. B: High levels of calcium in the blood would not stimulate PTH release as the body aims to lower, not raise, calcium levels. C: Calcitonin from the anterior pituitary gland is incorrect because calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland and works to lower blood calcium levels, opposing the action of PTH.
A nurse is collecting data about the diet history of a client who has low blood sugar. Which of the following would be an important consideration in the diet history?
- A. Consumption of health foods
- B. Consumption of sea salt and kelp
- C. Consumption of seafood
- D. Consumption of carbohydrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For clients with low blood sugar, it is important to assess their carbohydrate intake, as carbohydrates affect blood glucose levels.