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When palpating the uterus after delivery, it is necessary to
- A. support the lower uterine segment
- B. support the upper uterine segment
- C. press down firmly with both hands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supporting the lower segment prevents uterine inversion during palpation.
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In the postpartal period, the uterine fundus should no longer be palpable after
- A. 14 days
- B. 10 days
- C. 7 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fundus typically descends into the pelvis and is no longer palpable by 10 days postpartum.
The bone cell type that breaks down the bone matrix is:
- A. Osteocytes
- B. Osteoclasts
- C. Osteoblasts
- D. Osteoprogenitor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are bone cells responsible for breaking down the bone matrix through a process called bone resorption. They secrete enzymes and acids that dissolve the mineralized matrix, allowing for bone remodeling and repair. Osteocytes (A) are mature bone cells that help maintain bone tissue. Osteoblasts (C) are responsible for bone formation by synthesizing new bone matrix. Osteoprogenitor cells (D) are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts. Therefore, the correct answer is B as osteoclasts specifically break down the bone matrix.
What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient who presents with very painful menstrual cramps that prevent them from working each month?
- A. amenorrhea
- B. dysmenorrhea
- C. premenstrual syndrome
- D. abnormal uterine bleeding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps that can be severe enough to interfere with daily activities like work. This condition is common and can be caused by increased prostaglandin levels leading to uterine contractions. Amenorrhea (A) is the absence of menstruation, not painful cramps. Premenstrual syndrome (C) involves a variety of physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation, but not necessarily severe cramps. Abnormal uterine bleeding (D) refers to irregular or excessive bleeding, not specifically related to cramps.
If a woman with flat nipples has started using a nipple shield while breastfeeding but the infant is not gaining adequate weight, the nurse should advise the woman to
- A. provide supplemental bottle feedings
- B. use the nipple shield for only 1 or 2 minutes
- C. stop breastfeeding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supplementation ensures adequate nutrition until effective breastfeeding is established.
Which of the following is not a function of the ovary?
- A. It produces estrogen.
- B. It produces ova.
- C. It produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
- D. All of the above are functions of the ovary.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ovary does not produce FSH; this hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary.