Nokea
When performing a genitourinary assessment, the nurse notices that the urethral meatus is ventrally positioned. This finding is:
- A. Called hypospadias.
- B. A result of phimosis.
- C. Probably due to a stricture.
- D. Often associated with aging.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Called hypospadias. Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethral meatus is located on the ventral side of the penis. This condition is typically present from birth and is not a result of phimosis, which is the narrowing of the foreskin. It is also not likely due to a stricture, which is a narrowing of the urethra. Furthermore, hypospadias is a congenital condition and is not associated with aging, making option D incorrect.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is providing patient teaching about an erectile dysfunction drug. One of the drug’s potential side effects is prolonged, painful erection of the penis without sexual stimulation, which is known as:
- A. Orchitis.
- B. Stricture.
- C. Phimosis.
- D. Priapism.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Priapism. Priapism is a rare but serious side effect of some erectile dysfunction drugs, causing prolonged and painful erection without sexual stimulation. Orchitis (A) is inflammation of the testicles, not related to this side effect. Stricture (B) is a narrowing of a tube or passageway, not relevant to this scenario. Phimosis (C) is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot be retracted, unrelated to the side effect described. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it aligns with the description of prolonged, painful erection without sexual stimulation.
A woman with no history of UTIs who is experiencing urgency, frequency, and dysuria comes to the clinic, where a dipstick and microscopic urinalysis indicate bacteriuria. What should the nurse anticipate for this patient?
- A. Obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity
- B. No treatment with medication unless she develops fever, chills, and flank pain
- C. Empirical treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, Bactrim) for 3 days
- D. Need to have a blood specimen drawn for a complete blood count (CBC) and kidney function tests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity is essential to confirm the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI) and determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment. This method helps to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and their susceptibility to antibiotics.
Choice B is incorrect as waiting for the development of severe symptoms like fever, chills, and flank pain can lead to complications and delayed treatment.
Choice C is incorrect because empirical treatment without confirming the specific bacteria and their sensitivity can lead to inappropriate antibiotic use and potential antibiotic resistance.
Choice D is incorrect as a blood specimen for CBC and kidney function tests is not the primary intervention for a suspected UTI.
describes a normal physical assessment of the urinary system by the nurse?
- A. Auscultates the lower abdominal quadrants for fluid sounds
- B. Palpates an empty bladder at the level of the symphysis pubis
- C. Percusses the kidney with a firm blow at the posterior costovertebral angle
- D. Positions the patient prone to palpate the kidneys with a posterior approach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because palpating an empty bladder at the level of the symphysis pubis is a standard step in assessing the urinary system. This helps determine the size, shape, and tenderness of the bladder. Auscultating for fluid sounds in the lower abdominal quadrants (choice A) is incorrect as this is done to assess bowel sounds, not the urinary system. Percussing the kidney (choice C) is not a common practice as it may cause harm. Positioning the patient prone to palpate the kidneys (choice D) is incorrect as the kidneys are typically palpated with a posterior approach while the patient is in a supine or side-lying position.
Which accurately represents the pathway of fluid through a juxtamedullary nephron?
- A. proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
- B. proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle
- C. proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, ascending loop of Henle
- D. distal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct pathway for fluid through a juxtamedullary nephron is proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and ascending loop of Henle. This is because in the juxtamedullary nephron, the loop of Henle dips deep into the medulla, allowing for concentration of urine. Choice A is incorrect because it has the ascending and descending loops of Henle in the wrong order. Choice B is incorrect because it has the ascending and descending loops of Henle reversed. Choice D is incorrect because it starts with the distal convoluted tubule instead of the proximal convoluted tubule.
Glomerulonephritis is characterized by glomerular damage caused by
- A. growth of microorganisms in the glomeruli.
- B. release of bacterial substances toxic to the glomeruli.
- C. accumulation of immune complexes in the glomeruli.
- D. hemolysis of red blood cells circulating in the glomeruli.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Choice C:
1. Glomerulonephritis is an immune-mediated condition where the accumulation of immune complexes in the glomeruli triggers inflammation and damages the kidney.
2. Immune complexes can form due to various reasons like infections or autoimmune disorders, leading to glomerular injury.
3. This immune complex deposition activates the complement system and attracts inflammatory cells, causing further damage to the glomeruli.
Summary of Other Choices:
A. Growth of microorganisms in the glomeruli is not a characteristic feature of glomerulonephritis, as it is primarily an immune-mediated condition.
B. The release of bacterial substances toxic to the glomeruli is not the primary mechanism of injury in glomerulonephritis.
D. Hemolysis of red blood cells circulating in the glomeruli is not a direct cause of glomerulonephritis; it is more characteristic of conditions like hemolytic uremic syndrome.