Exam Questions on Endocrine System

Exam Questions on Endocrine System Related

Review Exam Questions on Endocrine System related questions and content

Which of the following glands can be classified as an endocrine and exocrine gland?

  • A. Thyroid
  • B. Thymus
  • C. Pancreas
  • D. Pituitary
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes digestive enzymes (exocrine function) into the small intestine to aid in digestion, and it also releases hormones like insulin and glucagon (endocrine function) into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels.

Rationale:
1. The thyroid gland (choice A) is solely an endocrine gland responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism.
2. The thymus gland (choice B) is primarily an endocrine gland involved in immune function, producing hormones that regulate T cell development.
3. The pituitary gland (choice D) is known as the master gland and is purely endocrine, controlling various hormonal functions in the body.

In summary, the pancreas uniquely exhibits both endocrine and exocrine functions, making it the correct choice.

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Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

  • A. Neurohypophysis
  • B. Pancreas
  • C. Adrenal medulla
  • D. Anterior pituitary gland
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the anterior pituitary gland, because it secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary gland is also known as the adenohypophysis, and it plays a key role in regulating various bodily functions through the release of different hormones. The other choices are incorrect because the neurohypophysis (choice A) secretes hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin, the pancreas (choice B) secretes insulin and glucagon, and the adrenal medulla (choice C) secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Priority Decision: A patient with diabetes calls the clinic because she is experiencing nausea and flu-like symptoms. Which advice from the nurse will be the best for this patient?

  • A. Administer the usual insulin dosage.
  • B. Hold fluid intake until the nausea subsides.
  • C. Come to the clinic immediately for evaluation and treatment.
  • D. Monitor the blood glucose every 1 to 2 hours and call if it rises over 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L).
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Illness can cause blood glucose to rise, so the patient should monitor frequently and report if glucose levels exceed 150 mg/dL.

The nurse reviews the function of thyroid gland hormones. What is the primary function of calcitonin?

  • A. Sodium and potassium balance
  • B. Magnesium balance
  • C. Norepinephrine balance
  • D. Calcium and phosphorus balance
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of calcitonin is to regulate calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. Calcitonin works to decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. This helps maintain the overall balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the known function of calcitonin. Sodium and potassium balance, magnesium balance, and norepinephrine balance are not directly influenced by calcitonin.

Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________.

  • A. insulin, because insulin is a small peptide
  • B. steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells
  • C. growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormone
  • D. glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells. Thyroid hormone, being a small iodinated amine, can easily pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, similar to steroid hormones. Unlike insulin (choice A), which binds to cell surface receptors, thyroid hormone and steroid hormones enter the cell to exert their effects. Growth hormone (choice C) and glucagon (choice D) do not share the same mechanism of entry into target cells as thyroid hormone, making them incorrect choices.

A patient presents with a bump on his neck. Upon taking a tissue sample, there appears to be parafollicular cells. The tumor is also associated with MEN II, although most of the time it is sporadic. What is the best way to moniter treatment?

  • A. Measure Thyroid Hormone Levels
  • B. Measure Iodine Levels
  • C. Measure Tsh Levels
  • D. Measure Calcitonin Levels
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The parafollicular cells in the tissue sample indicate a tumor of the thyroid gland, likely medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type II (MEN II). MTC primarily secretes calcitonin. Monitoring Calcitonin levels is crucial for assessing disease progression and treatment response in MTC. Measuring Thyroid Hormone Levels (A) would not be specific for MTC. Iodine Levels (B) are not relevant in this context. TSH Levels (C) reflect pituitary feedback and are not specific to MTC. Therefore, the best way to monitor treatment in this case is to measure Calcitonin Levels (D).

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