Community Needs Assessment Questions

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Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

  • A. Offering vaccines to prevent disease
  • B. Providing antibiotics to treat infected individuals
  • C. Promoting the use of condoms to prevent STIs
  • D. Providing education on proper handwashing techniques
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because offering vaccines is a primary prevention strategy that aims to prevent the occurrence of disease in the first place by building immunity against specific pathogens. This approach targets the root cause of infectious diseases and helps reduce the spread within the population. Vaccines are administered before exposure to the disease, making them a proactive measure.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they fall under secondary or tertiary prevention strategies. Providing antibiotics (B) treats infected individuals after they have already contracted the disease, which is a secondary prevention measure. Promoting condom use (C) aims to reduce the risk of transmission after exposure, making it a form of secondary prevention for STIs. Education on handwashing techniques (D) is a good hygiene practice, but it is more focused on reducing the spread of infections after exposure, making it a secondary prevention strategy as well.

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Which variable has a major influence on a community's health?

  • A. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
  • B. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community
  • C. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)
  • D. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Individual behavior choices are responsible for about 50% of health outcomes, influenced by social and physical environments, making them a major factor compared to the number or quality of providers and officials.

A very busy day is planned at a community health fair, and a nurse spends time greeting and meeting each person who walks in. Which best describes the rationale for this action?

  • A. To distribute evaluation forms immediately so the participants can fill in the appropriate answers after each interaction with a professional
  • B. To immediately establish a friendly relationship and a level of trust
  • C. To make sure everyone knew who was sponsoring this free event
  • D. To most efficiently send the person to the area consistent with his or her apparent health need
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The core of health education is the therapeutic and healing relationship between the nurse and clients. Inclusion and trust must be established before creating change. The nurse enhances inclusion by greeting clients on arrival in a warm fashion. Distribution of evaluation forms, informing participants of program sponsorship, and sending clients to the appropriate area of the health fair are not as important as the need for establishing a relationship.

Which led to the creation of the Health Belief Model (HBM)?

  • A. Attempting to explain why individuals engage in health actions
  • B. Attempting to identify health behaviors of military spouses
  • C. Attempting to understand why people chose unhealthy and high-risk behaviors
  • D. Attempting to understand why people did not flock to free health care
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The HBM was created to explain why people did or did not participate in health education programs to prevent or detect disease, even when the programs were free. The HBM addresses factors that provide health-enhancing behaviors. Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) aims to explain why individuals engage in health actions. HPM has been used in studies identifying factors that enhance health-promoting behaviors of military spouses.

What are the leading health indicators found in Healthy People 2020?

  • A. Financial issues
  • B. Health system issues
  • C. Legislative issues
  • D. Issues related to legal and illegal immigration
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Healthy People 2020 identifies health system issues, individual behaviors, and physical/social environmental factors as leading indicators, excluding financial, immigration, and legislative issues.

A community health nurse has completed a community assessment and is now writing a community diagnosis for the problem. Which component of the diagnosis will be used to summarize the assessment data of the problem?

  • A. Identification of the health risk
  • B. Evidence supporting the choice of priority
  • C. The aggregate that needs the intervention
  • D. The cause of the identified health problem
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The identification of the health problem or risk represents a synthesis of all assessment data. The evidence can suggest the magnitude of the problem. The aggregate states who will be the beneficiary of the nurse's action plan. The cause of the health problem directs the focus of the intervention.