Nokea
Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?
- A. Diabetes mellitus
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Myxedema
- D. Graves’ disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism, which can be effectively treated with thyroxine.
2. Thyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone that helps restore thyroid hormone levels.
3. Myxedema symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance improve with thyroxine treatment.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are not directly related to thyroid hormone levels.
B. Hyperglycemia is not primarily treated with thyroxine.
D. Graves' disease is a thyroid disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, which requires different treatments than hypothyroidism.
You may also like to solve these questions
The chemical break down of starch begins in?
- A. The mouth
- B. The oesophagus
- C. The small intestine
- D. The stomach
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The mouth. Starch digestion begins in the mouth due to the enzyme amylase present in saliva. Amylase breaks down starch into maltose. This process initiates digestion before food reaches the stomach or small intestine. The other choices are incorrect because oesophagus primarily serves as a passage for food, the small intestine is where most digestion and nutrient absorption occur, and the stomach's main role is to break down proteins with the enzyme pepsin, not starch.
Which is a water soluble vitamin?
- A. D
- B. B12
- C. A
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. Vitamin B12 is water-soluble because it dissolves in water, allowing it to be easily absorbed and transported in the bloodstream. It plays a crucial role in nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they are absorbed along with fats in the diet and are stored in the body's fat tissues. Since they are not water-soluble, they require bile for absorption and are stored in the body for longer periods. Hence, B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the given choices.
Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?
- A. Islets of Langerhans
- B. Portal capillaries
- C. Corpus callosum
- D. Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Portal capillaries. The hypothalamus and adenohypophysis are connected by a system of blood vessels called the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system, which includes portal capillaries. These capillaries carry releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis to regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas involved in insulin and glucagon production, not connected to the hypothalamus or adenohypophysis.
C: The corpus callosum is a structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is not related to the hypothalamus or adenohypophysis.
D: The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem responsible for autonomic functions and is not involved in connecting the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis.
Endocrine glands release hormones:
- A. Directly into the bloodstream
- B. Directly into the tissues
- C. Directly into the skin
- D. Through the duct in the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to reach target organs and regulate various physiological processes. This allows for systemic effects on the body. Choices B and C are incorrect as hormones are not released directly into tissues or skin. Choice D is also incorrect as endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, not through ducts.
What is the origin of accessory pancreatic duct?
- A. Distal part of dorsal pancreatic bud
- B. Proximal part of dorsal pancreatic bud
- C. The distal part of ventral pancreatic bud
- D. The proximal part of ventral pancreatic bud
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proximal part of dorsal pancreatic bud. The accessory pancreatic duct originates from the dorsal pancreatic bud during embryonic development. This is because the dorsal pancreatic bud gives rise to the body and tail of the pancreas, which includes the accessory pancreatic duct. The proximal part of the dorsal pancreatic bud specifically gives rise to the proximal part of the accessory pancreatic duct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they refer to the distal part of the dorsal pancreatic bud, the distal part of the ventral pancreatic bud, and the proximal part of the ventral pancreatic bud, respectively, which are not associated with the origin of the accessory pancreatic duct.