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Which of the following statements is true about nursing ontology?
- A. It is the study of the knowledge that is shared among the nurses.
- B. It is the study of the knowledge that is shared among the nurses and those patterns.
- C. It is directly linked to ethical theory and the code of ethics.
- D. It describes what is most characteristic and fundamental to nursing.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ontology is directly linked to philosophy, and nursing ontology describes what is most characteristic and fundamental to the practice of nursing. It is a way of seeing and describing the whole of nursing.
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The study of the nursing knowledge that is shared among nurses, including patterns of knowing and the knowledge that develops from knowing, is referred to as which of the following?
- A. Nursing epistemology
- B. Nursing deontology
- C. Nursing teleology
- D. Nursing ethnology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nursing epistemology is the study of the knowledge that is shared among nurses, the patterns of knowing, and the knowledge that develops from those patterns. As a practice discipline, the study of nursing knowledge is achieved in multiple ways, including observation and practice experience.
Which of the following nurse theorists developed the mid-range theory of human becoming?
- A. Rosemarie Parse
- B. Dorothy Johnson
- C. Margaret Newman
- D. Sister Callista Roy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming is a mid-range theory used to describe, explain, or predict phenomenon in nursing.
Carper's (1978) foundational work on patterns of knowing include empirical, ethical, aesthetic, and personal knowing. Tom is preparing an essay for his application to graduate studies in nursing and is interested in examining aesthetic ways of knowing in nursing. Which of the following comments would reflect a nurse's aesthetic knowledge?
- A. I understand this experience is different for everyone.
- B. I use nursing policy to guide my clinical practice.
- C. I use the patient's pain to provide comfort to someone.
- D. I always follow Best Practice Guidelines.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aesthetic knowing involves the creation of a singular, particular subjective expression of imagined possibilities or equivalent expression, not so easily put into language form. Empathy and compassion are modes in the aesthetic pattern of knowing.
Many researchers argue that nursing education should take a decolonizing stance when linking theory to practice. Select all of the actions below that could demonstrate decolonization in nursing education. (Select all that apply.)
- A. Protesting against culture discrimination
- B. Promoting individualism rights-based theory
- C. Developing colonial values embedded in the curricula
- D. Challenging colonial values in professional development
- E. Addressing ethnic ways of knowing
- F. Lobbying for more nurse practitioners
- G. opposing colonial ideologies in teaching methodologies
Correct Answer: C,D,G
Rationale: Decolonization of nursing education will involve disrupting and exposing colonial ideologies, values, and structures embedded in nursing curricula, teaching methodologies, and professional development education.
Which of the following are considered mid-range nursing theorists? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Weston
- B. Orlando
- C. Peplau
- D. Peplau
- E. Watson
- F. Parse
Correct Answer: B,C,E,F
Rationale: Mid-range nursing theories are narrower in scope than grand nursing theories. Widely used mid-range nursing theories include Orlando's theory of the deliberative nursing process, Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations, Parse's theory of human becoming, and Watson's theory of human caring.